BAMAKO, MALI — In a crisis that has gripped West Africa’s largest landlocked state, the armed group Jama’at Nusrat al‑Islam wal‑Muslimin (JNIM) — an al‑Qaeda‑linked extremist network — has significantly escalated its campaign across Mali, leaving civilians in a state of palpable fear and disrupting everyday life on an unprecedented scale.

Neftaly Insight: Who is JNIM and Why It Matters

JNIM — known formally as the Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims — emerged from a 2017 merger of several jihadist factions, consolidating influence across the Sahel.

Once largely focused on sporadic attacks in northern and central Mali, the group has transitioned into expansive strategic operations, exploiting gaps in state security and governance. Its ranks are believed to include thousands of fighters operating from rural strongholds and along key transport corridors.

Neftaly Analysis: The Tactics Shaking Mali’s Foundations

Neftaly Report 1: Nationwide Fuel Blockade

Since September 2025, JNIM has imposed a systematic blockade on fuel supply routes into Mali, especially targeting tankers from neighboring countries.

This blockade has strangled the capital Bamako’s economy, leaving:

• Long queues at petrol stations
• Public transport at a standstill
• Factories and mines shuttered
• Electricity generators idle
• Schools and universities closed due to lack of fuel

For ordinary Malians, this blockade is more than an economic disruption — it’s a daily crisis that has forced families to walk miles for basic services and eroded confidence in the government’s ability to protect them.

Neftaly Report 2: Roadblocks, Kidnappings, and Civilian Targeting

On major national routes, JNIM has established roadblocks and ambushes that breed fear among travelers and traders alike.

Civilians face:

• Kidnappings and hostage situations
• Targeted reprisals against villagers accused of aiding the military
• Blockades isolating entire towns and villages
• Reports of forced evacuations and civilian flight from contested areas

Such tactics extend beyond battlefield confrontation — they disrupt livelihoods, diminish mobility, and undermine basic freedoms.

Neftaly Perspective: What Mali’s Population Is Feeling

For ordinary citizens, the crisis is not just statistics — it is lived fear:

“We wait for hours just for a few litres of fuel… the queues never end,” one Malian resident shared during the height of the blockade, echoing a sentiment felt nationwide.

Market shelves are emptier, transport more erratic, and basic services more sporadic, feeding a sense that no one is truly safe or secure. Even foreign missions are sounding alarms, with embassies urging nationals to leave due to the unpredictable security environment.

Neftaly Coverage: The State’s Response — And Its Limits

Mali’s military junta has struggled to halt JNIM’s territorial and strategic gains. While the government has launched ground and air operations to secure key routes, insurgent disruptions continue.

Negotiations between local communities, the military, and armed groups have sometimes led to temporary ceasefires or local agreements, but these often involve concessions that erode state authority.

For many experts, the dilemma is stark: the state lacks the capacity to reliably protect civilians and secure infrastructure, while prolonged insecurity erodes trust in the authorities and fuels displacement.

Neftaly Outlook: Broader Implications — Not Just a National Crisis

While the epicenter remains within Mali, the impacts reverberate across the Sahel region, contributing to:

• Heightened regional instability
• Disruptions to cross‑border trade
• Spill‑over insecurity in neighboring states
• Increased refugee flows

Analysts warn that without sustained domestic reform and international cooperation, the violence and fear inflicted by armed groups like JNIM could shape West Africa’s security landscape for years to come.

Neftaly Conclusion

Mali’s palpable fear is not merely the result of isolated attacks — it’s the outcome of a strategic insurgency that combines economic warfare, territorial control, and psychological pressure on civilians. With basic needs under threat and government defenses stretched thin, the people of Mali find themselves on the frontlines of a conflict that touches every aspect of their daily lives.